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KMID : 1001320130400020001
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Social Welfare Policy
2013 Volume.40 No. 2 p.1 ~ p.34
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The Effect of the Family Policy on Fertility by Social Classes
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Yun Seung-Hee
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Abstract
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The studies analyzing the structural causes of fertility has increased due to a long period of low fertility. However, the differences of fertility rates among social classes and the associated relationships between social classes and policies has been overlooked in the existing studies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of fertility and to show the differences on the influence of the policies for the fertility among social classes. To analyze this relationship empirically, a multi-level analysis model were used in this study. Personal data used in this study is WVS and EVS data of 17 countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece, Belgium, Netherlands, Korea, United Kingdom, Australia and United States). According to the results, there would be differences of fertility rate among social classes, and the influence of family policies would be different among social classes. It is shown that the child care policies between 0-2 years old affects on the fertility rate in all social classes and the family policies to support cash affect on the fertility rate in the middle classes. Most of all, the care supporting policy has a meaningful influence more on the higher class rather than on the lower class. The occupation is the indicator of class in this study, which means the influence of policy differs by the women`s occupation in the employment market. Such results concurs with the existing studies claiming that the family policy or women-friendly policy only speaks for a particular class. These results mean that police response would be needed for social classes. Especially inequality is becoming popular more and more as the new social risks in this time, so the problems of social classes are treated because the discussion which does not treat the issue of social classes would downsize the problem of low fertility rate as particular social classes or the policies to support fertility would reflect the benefit for particular social classes.
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KEYWORD
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fertility, social classes, family policy, labor market structure, multi-level analysis model
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